DeBono International Journal

Taha Hussein and His Civilizational Role in the Modern Era

باقر محمد جعفر الكرباسي — 2025-01-25

Taha Hussein stands as a towering figure in contemporary literature and a pioneer of humanism in modern Arabic thought. He was a distinguished literary figure who opened new global horizons for Arabic literature and fought with his pen, knowledge, and actions to uphold intellectual freedom in various aspects of life. He possessed a heart that beat for the marginalized, showing compassion for the deprived, and advocating for the dignity of humankind. His intellect encompassed various branches of global culture, and he was a strong advocate for liberation from the shackles of rigid traditions and outdated values, striving to provide knowledge and enlightenment to all people. As a literary critic, he established new principles of evaluation and introduced profound criteria for analyzing intellectual and literary works. His eloquence, clarity of expression, and musicality of style were mesmerizing. He supported the reform of Al-Azhar and its return to its golden days when it was a bastion of free thought. He opposed those who sought to limit education to classical Arabic heritage while rejecting European culture. Taha Hussein was a firm believer in supreme freedom; he stood against political oppression, defended the freedom and independence of universities, and advocated for press freedom and the right to express opinions. Despite facing great hardships for his stance, he remained steadfast and resilient. Taha Hussein was deeply aware of the widespread ignorance that plagued Egyptian society and believed it was a primary cause of its backwardness. He saw education as the path to progress and success, advocating for its expansion, unification, and free access for all social classes without restrictions. He elaborated on this vision in his significant book The Future of Culture in Egypt. He called for intellectual liberation, faith in innovation, and the adoption of modern methodologies in academic and literary work. In his book Memories of Abu Al-Alaa, he revolutionized literary studies by applying modern intellectual approaches to Arabic literary heritage.

Taha Hussein dedicated his entire life to serving Egypt and the Arabic language, which forms the foundation of Arab identity. He understood that, ultimately, humanity is a unified entity, and its happiness is achieved through freedom and progress. Undoubtedly, Taha Hussein played a vast and profound role in shaping modern Arab thought, influencing both Arabic literature and Islamic history. His civilizational contribution was rooted in his enlightened thinking, which positioned reason as the ultimate guide in all aspects of life. His groundbreaking efforts illuminated the path for future generations, a fact that will become evident to readers as they delve deeper into this research.

The Level of High School Students’ Mathematical Communication Skills from Their Teachers' Perspectives, Their Role in Enhancing Them, and Their Relationship to Mathematical Achievement

فاضل عبدالعباس عطا الله — 2025-01-25

Many teachers struggle with a lack of application of modern methods, approaches, and trends in teaching mathematics due to their insufficient teaching competencies and skills, as well as their inability to keep pace with advancements in this field. This deficiency negatively impacts the delivery of mathematical concepts, rules, and ideas, which in turn affects student performance. The teacher plays a fundamental role in the success of the educational process and any educational program, whether for regular students, gifted students, or others. The teacher is responsible for creating a classroom environment that fosters student confidence and supports their creativity.

However, a noticeable deficiency has been observed in students' performance and skills, particularly in their ability to verbalize symbols, write and comprehend mathematical terms, and engage with them—especially in the skill of written mathematical expression. This issue necessitates a thorough investigation into the underlying causes and potential solutions. Understanding the extent of students' mathematical communication skills and their impact on academic achievement is crucial for improving the teaching and learning process.

International Mechanisms for the Criminal Protection of Human Rights

شلال عواد سليم العبيدي — 2025-01-25

Human rights are essential for individual dignity and social justice, posing significant challenges for the international community due to severe violations. The establishment of the United Nations has led to legal structures aimed at promoting and protecting these rights, including institutions like the International Criminal Court, which work with states to ensure accountability. As armed conflicts and humanitarian crises increase, so does the need for effective mechanisms to address violations such as torture and extrajudicial killings. Political and economic interests often undermine human rights, necessitating a global system that supports victims and accountability. Achieving effectiveness in these mechanisms requires genuine international cooperation and a commitment to understanding and implementing human rights protections.

Biodiversity and built environment to obtain SDGs

Israa Aqeel Muhammed Ali — 2025-01-25

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), New Urban Agenda, and Paris Arrangement are major global environmental initiatives aiming for a sustainable society. The erected situation is a significant funder to biodiversity damage and should enhance ecological values. A even communication among the constructed and normal setting is decisive, as civilization and wildlife are repeatedly fatalities of biodiversity harm. This paper explores the connection amid the erected location, biodiversity, and SDGs.. The outcomes display that despite its negative impact on biodiversity, the built environment offers the highest chance to assimilate biodiversity hooked on all growth developments, thus realizing the SDGs. The paper emphasizes the importance of reducing the built environment's impact on biodiversity in sustainable development strategies. It calls for all stakeholders to raise awareness about the negative effects of biodiversity loss from structure happenings on human fitness and happiness. The research purposes to assist information in understanding the built environment's role in biodiversity conservation and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.

The Strategy of Iraq to Combat Antibiotic Drugs

Hala R. Mohammed — 2025-01-25

Combating antibiotic drugs in Iraq is a major health challenge, and the country faces many risks and obstacles in this area, while at the same time seeking to develop effective strategies to address this problem. Therefore, in this article, the risks associated with antibiotic resistance in Iraq, inappropriate use, and lack of awareness were addressed. Suggested strategies to combat antibiotic drugs in Iraq were presented. Antibiotic resistance represents a long-term threat to public health in Iraq and the region, so it is necessary to have a coordinated response between the government, health institutions, and society to address it effectively.

Sustainable development and climate change in Iraq

Ali Talib Ahmed Alaaraji — 2025-01-25

The world is now witnessing clear climate changes that have arisen in the Earth’s surface temperature to 1.5 C°. Therefore, this study aimed to find out the reasons for the rise in the Earth’s temperature Based on four main indicators of climate change – greenhouse gas concentrations, sea level rise, ocean warming, and ocean acidification, the thermal gas concentration was chosen, and the thermal gasses that cause it. This available source https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/IRQ/iraq/ghg-greenhouse-gas-emissions and CO₂ and Greenhouse Gas Emissions - Our World in Data was relied upon to take the recorded concentrations of thermal gasses to investigate their concentration in the world and Iraq. This research showed that the greenhouse gases produced in the world's atmosphere are much higher than in the atmosphere of Iraq, contributes to greenhouse gas emissions and ranks 12, based on the Similar Country Ranking of 12 of CO2 equivalent. In conclusion, this data answers the question of this research and finds that Iraq is influential and affected by climate change.

From Chivalry to Trickery: Social Hierarchies and Satire in Chaucer’s The Knight’s Tale and The Miller’s Tale

Abdullah Kareem — 2025-01-25

Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales presents a rich tapestry of medieval society through its diverse array of narratives. This paper examines The Knight’s Tale and The Miller’s Tale, two markedly different stories that reflect contrasting perspectives on class, power, and human folly. The Knight’s Tale upholds the ideals of chivalry, courtly love, and divine fate, portraying nobility through a lens of honor and duty. In contrast, The Miller’s Tale, a bawdy fabliau, subverts these ideals through satire, irreverence, and social inversion. By juxtaposing these two tales, Chaucer offers a critique of both aristocratic and common life, revealing the fluid nature of social hierarchies and the enduring power of wit over status. This study explores how Chaucer employs genre, language, and character dynamics to highlight tensions between social expectation and personal ambition, ultimately demonstrating his nuanced engagement with medieval social structures.